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<H1>Glossary</H1><!-- content goes here -->
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                         height=4> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV><A id=top name=top 
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<P xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><STRONG>Note</STRONG> <BR>For 
    simplicity, the Java programming language is called Java in the rest of this 
    document. <BR></P>
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                <P><STRONG><EM><A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#A">A</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#B">B</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#C">C</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#D">D</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#E">E</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#F">F</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#G">G</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#H">H</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#I">I</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#J">J</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#K">K</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#L">L</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#M">M</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#N">N</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#O">O</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#P">P</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#Q">Q</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#R">R</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#S">S</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#T">T</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#U">U</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#V">V</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#W">W</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#X">X</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#Y">Y</A> 
                            | <A 
                                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#Z">Z</A> 
                        </EM></STRONG></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<DL xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <DT><A id=A name=A><STRONG><EM>A </EM></STRONG></A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>abstract</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used in a class definition to specify that a class is not 
        to be instantiated, but rather inherited by other classes. An abstract class 
        can have abstract methods that are not implemented in the abstract class, but 
        in subclasses. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>abstract class</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A class that contains one or more <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#abstract_method"><EM>abstract 
                methods</EM> </A>, and therefore can never be instantiated. Abstract classes 
        are defined so that other classes can extend them and make them concrete by 
        implementing the abstract methods. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=abstract_method name=abstract_method><STRONG>abstract 
                method</STRONG> </A></DT>
    <DD>A method that has no implementation. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=awt name=awt>Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)</A> 
        </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A collection of graphical user interface (GUI) components that were 
        implemented using native-platform versions of the components. These components 
        provide that subset of functionality which is common to all native platforms. 
        Largely supplanted by the Project Swing component set. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#swing">Swing</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id="access control" name="access control"></A><STRONG>access 
            control</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The methods by which interactions with resources are limited to 
        collections of users or programs for the purpose of enforcing integrity, 
        confidentiality, or availability constraints. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>ACID</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The acronym for the four properties guaranteed by transactions: atomicity, 
        consistency, isolation, and durability. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=actual name=actual>actual parameter list</A> </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>The arguments specified in a particular method call. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#formal">formal 
                parameter list</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>API</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Application Programming Interface. The specification of how a programmer 
        writing an application accesses the behavior and state of classes and objects. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>applet</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A component that typically executes in a Web browser, but can execute in a 
        variety of other applications or devices that support the applet programming 
        model. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>argument</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A data item specified in a method call. An argument can be a literal 
        value, a variable, or an expression. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>array</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A collection of data items, all of the same type, in which each item's 
        position is uniquely designated by an integer. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=ascii name=ascii>ASCII</A> </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A standard assignment 
        of 7-bit numeric codes to characters. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#unicode">Unicode</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>atomic</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Refers to an operation that is never interrupted or left in an incomplete 
        state under any circumstance. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>authentication</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The process by which an entity proves to another entity that it is acting 
        on behalf of a specific identity. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>authorization</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#access%20control">access 
            control</A>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>autoboxing</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Automatic conversion between <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#reference"><EM>reference</EM> 
        </A>and <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#primitive"><EM>primitive</EM> 
        </A>types. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=B name=B><STRONG><EM>B </EM></STRONG></A><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary.html#top"><IMG border=0 
                                                                             hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/arrow.htm"> </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>bean</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A reusable software component that conforms to certain design and naming 
        conventions. The conventions enable beans to be easily combined to create an 
        application using tools that understand the conventions. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>binary operator</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An operator that has two arguments. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>bit</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The smallest unit of information in a computer, with a value of either 0 
        or 1. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>bitwise operator</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An operator that manipulates the bits of one or more of its operands 
        individually and in parallel. Examples include the binary logical operators 
        (&amp;, |, ^), the binary shift operators (&lt;&lt;, &gt;&gt;, &gt;&gt;&gt;) 
        and the unary one's complement operator (~). <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>block</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>In the Java programming language, any code between matching braces. 
        Example: <CODE>{ x = 1; }</CODE>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>boolean</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Refers to an expression or variable that can have only a true or false 
        value. The Java programming language provides the boolean type and the literal 
        values true and false. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>break</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to resume program execution at the statement 
        immediately following the current statement. If followed by a label, the 
        program resumes execution at the labeled statement. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>byte</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A sequence of eight bits. Java provides a corresponding <CODE>byte</CODE> 
        type. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>bytecode</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Machine-independent code generated by the Java compiler and executed by 
        the Java interpreter. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=C name=C><STRONG><EM>C </EM></STRONG></A><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary.html#top"><IMG border=0 
                                                                             hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/arrow.htm"> </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>case</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword that defines a group of statements to begin executing if a 
        value specified matches the value defined by a preceding <CODE>switch</CODE> 
        keyword. </DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>casting</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Explicit conversion from one data type to another. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>catch</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to declare a block of statements to be executed in the 
        event that a Java exception, or run time error, occurs in a preceding 
        <CODE>try</CODE> block. </DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>char</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to declare a variable of type character.</DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=class name=class>class</A> </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>In the Java programming language, a type that defines the implementation 
        of a particular kind of object. A class definition defines instance and class 
        variables and methods, as well as specifying the interfaces the class 
        implements and the immediate superclass of the class. If the superclass is not 
        explicitly specified, the superclass will implicitly be <CODE>Object</CODE>. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=cmethod name=cmethod>class method</A> </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A method that is invoked without reference to a particular object. Class 
        methods affect the class as a whole, not a particular instance of the class. 
        Also called a <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#smethod">static 
                method</A> </EM>. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#imethod">instance 
                method</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=cvariable name=cvariable>class variable</A> </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A data item associated with a particular class as a whole--not with 
        particular instances of the class. Class variables are defined in class 
        definitions. Also called a <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#sfield">static 
                field</A> </EM>. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#ivariable">instance 
                variable</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>classpath</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An environmental variable which tells the Java virtual machine <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#TJVM"><SUP>1</SUP> 
        </A>and Java technology-based applications where to find the class libraries, 
        including user-defined class libraries. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=client name=client>client</A> </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>In the client/server model of communications, the client is a process that 
        remotely accesses resources of a compute server, such as compute power and 
        large memory capacity. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>codebase</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Works together with the <CODE>code</CODE> attribute in the 
        <CODE>&lt;APPLET&gt;</CODE> tag to give a complete specification of where to 
        find the main applet class file: code specifies the name of the file, and 
        codebase specifies the URL of the directory containing the file. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>comment</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>In a program, explanatory text that is ignored by the compiler. In 
        programs written in the Java programming language, comments are delimited 
        using <CODE>//</CODE> or <CODE>/*</CODE>... <CODE>*/</CODE>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>commit</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The point in a transaction when all updates to any resources involved in 
        the transaction are made permanent. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>compilation unit</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The smallest unit of source code that can be compiled. In the current 
        implementation of the Java platform, the compilation unit is a file. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=compiler name=compiler>compiler</A> </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A program to translate source code into code to be executed by a computer. 
        The Java compiler translates source code written in the Java programming 
        language into bytecode for the Java virtual machine <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#TJVM"><SUP>1</SUP> 
        </A>. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html?printOnly=1#interpreter">interpreter</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>compositing</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The process of superimposing one image on another to create a single 
        image. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>constructor</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A pseudo-method that creates an object. In the Java programming language, 
        constructors are instance methods with the same name as their class. 
        Constructors are invoked using the <CODE>new</CODE> keyword. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>const</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A reserved Java keyword not used by current versions of the Java 
        programming language. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>continue</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to resume program execution at the end of the current 
        loop. If followed by a label, <CODE>continue</CODE> resumes execution where 
        the label occurs. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>conversational state</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The field values of a session bean plus the transitive closure of the 
        objects reachable from the bean's fields. The transitive closure of a bean is 
        defined in terms of the serialization protocol for the Java programming 
        language, that is, the fields that would be stored by serializing the bean 
        instance. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>CORBA</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Common Object Request Broker Architecture. A language independent, 
        distributed object model specified by the Object Management Group (OMG). 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>core class</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A public class (or interface) that is a standard member of the Java 
        Platform. The intent is that the core classes for the Java platform, at 
        minimum, are available on all operating systems where the Java platform runs. 
        A program written entirely in the Java programming language relies only on 
        core classes, meaning it can run anywhere. <!--See also, <i><a href="#purejava">100% Pure Java</a></i>-->. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>core packages</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The required set of APIs in a Java platform edition which must be 
        supported in any and all compatible implementations. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>credentials</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The information describing the security attributes of a principal. 
        Credentials can be acquired only through authentication or delegation. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>critical section</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A segment of code in which a thread uses resources (such as certain 
        instance variables) that can be used by other threads, but that must not be 
        used by them at the same time. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=D name=D></A><STRONG><EM>D </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>declaration</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A statement that establishes an identifier and associates attributes with 
        it, without necessarily reserving its storage (for data) or providing the 
        implementation (for methods). See also <EM>definition</EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>default</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword optionally used after all <CODE>case</CODE> conditions in a 
        <CODE>switch</CODE> statement. If all <CODE>case</CODE> conditions are not 
        matched by the value of the <CODE>switch</CODE> variable, the 
        <CODE>default</CODE> keyword will be executed. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>definition</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A declaration that reserves storage (for data) or provides implementation 
        (for methods). See also <EM>declaration</EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>delegation</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An act whereby one principal authorizes another principal to use its 
        identity or privileges with some restrictions. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>deprecation</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Refers to a class, interface, constructor, method or field that is no 
        longer recommended, and may cease to exist in a future version. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=derived name=derived></A>derived from </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>Class X is "derived from" class Y if class X <EM>extends</EM> class Y. See 
        also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#subclass">subclass</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#superclass">superclass</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>distributed</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Running in more than one address space. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>distributed application</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An application made up of distinct components running in separate runtime 
        environments, usually on different platforms connected through a network. 
        Typical distributed applications are two-tier (client/server), three-tier 
        (client/middleware/server), and n-tier (client/multiple middleware/multiple 
        servers). <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>do</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to declare a loop that will iterate a block of 
        statements. The loop's exit condition can be specified with the 
        <CODE>while</CODE> keyword. </DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>DOM</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Document Object Model. A tree of objects with interfaces for traversing 
        the tree and writing an XML version of it, as defined by the W3C 
        specification. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>double</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to define a variable of type <CODE>double</CODE>. 
    </DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=double name=double></A>double precision </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>In the Java programming language specification, describes a floating point 
        number that holds 64 bits of data. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#single">single 
                precision</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>DTD</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Document Type Definition. A description of the structure and properties of 
        a class of XML files. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=E name=E></A><STRONG><EM>E </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>else</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to execute a block of statements in the case that the 
        test condition with the <CODE>if</CODE> keyword evaluates to false. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>EmbeddedJava Technology</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The availability of Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition technology under a 
        restrictive license agreement that allows a licensee to leverage certain Java 
        technologies to create and deploy a closed-box application that exposes no 
        APIs. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>encapsulation</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The localization of knowledge within a module. Because objects encapsulate 
        data and implementation, the user of an object can view the object as a black 
        box that provides services. Instance variables and methods can be added, 
        deleted, or changed, but as long as the services provided by the object remain 
        the same, code that uses the object can continue to use it without being 
        rewritten. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#ivariable">instance 
                variable</A> </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#imethod">instance 
                method</A>. <BR><BR></EM></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>enum</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to declare an enumerated type. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>enumerated type</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A type whose legal values consist of a fixed set of constants. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>exception</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An event during program execution that prevents the program from 
        continuing normally; generally, an error. The Java programming language 
        supports exceptions with the try, catch, and throw keywords. See also 
        <EM>exception handler</EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>exception handler</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A block of code that reacts to a specific type of <EM>exception</EM>. If 
        the exception is for an error that the program can recover from, the program 
        can resume executing after the exception handler has executed. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>executable content</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An application that runs from within an HTML file. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#applet">applet</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>extends</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Class X extends class Y to add functionality, either by adding fields or 
        methods to class Y, or by overriding methods of class Y. An interface extends 
        another interface by adding methods. Class X is said to be a subclass of class 
        Y. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#derived">derived 
                from</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=F name=F></A><STRONG><EM>F </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=field name=field></A>field </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A data member of a class. Unless specified otherwise, a field is not 
        static. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>final</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword. You define an entity once and cannot change it or derive 
        from it later. More specifically: a final class cannot be subclassed, a final 
        method cannot be overridden and a final variable cannot change from its 
        initialized value.</DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>finally</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword that executes a block of statements regardless of whether a 
        Java Exception, or run time error, occurred in a block defined previously by 
        the <CODE>try</CODE> keyword. </DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>float</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to define a floating point number variable. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>for</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to declare a loop that reiterates statements. The 
        programmer can specify the statements to be executed, exit conditions, and 
        initialization variables for the loop.</DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>FTP</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>File Transfer Protocol. FTP, which is based on TCP/IP, enables the 
        fetching and storing of files between hosts on the Internet. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#tcp">TCP/IP</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=formal name=formal></A>formal parameter list </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>The parameters specified in the definition of a particular method. See 
        also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#actual">actual 
                parameter list</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=G name=G></A><STRONG><EM>G </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>garbage collection</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The automatic detection and freeing of memory that is no longer in use. 
        The Java runtime system performs garbage collection so that programmers never 
        explicitly free objects. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>generic</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A class, interface, or method that declares one or more type variables. 
        These type variables are known as type parameters. A generic declaration 
        defines a set of parameterized types, one for each possible invocation of the 
        type parameter section. At runtime, all of these parameterized types share the 
        same class, interface, or method. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>goto</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>This is a reserved Java keyword. However, it is not used by current 
        versions of the Java programming language.</DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>group</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A collection of principals within a given security policy domain. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>GUI</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Graphical User Interface. Refers to the techniques involved in using 
        graphics, along with a keyboard and a mouse, to provide an easy-to-use 
        interface to some program. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=H name=H></A><STRONG><EM>H </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=hex name=hex></A>hexadecimal </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>The numbering system that uses 16 as its base. The marks 0-9 and a-f (or 
        equivalently A-F) represent the digits 0 through 15. In programs written in 
        the Java programming language, hexadecimal numbers must be preceded with 0x. 
        See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#octal">octal</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=hier name=hier></A>hierarchy </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A classification of relationships in which each item except the top one 
        (known as the root) is a specialized form of the item above it. Each item can 
        have one or more items below it in the hierarchy. In the Java class hierarchy, 
        the root is the <CODE>Object</CODE> class. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>HTML</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>HyperText Markup Language. This is a file format, based on SGML, for 
        hypertext documents on the Internet. It is very simple and allows for the 
        embedding of images, sounds, video streams, form fields and simple text 
        formatting. References to other objects are embedded using URLs. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>HTTP</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>HyperText Transfer Protocol. The Internet protocol, based on TCP/IP, used 
        to fetch hypertext objects from remote hosts. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#tcp">TCP/IP</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>HTTPS</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>HyperText Transfer Protocol layered over the SSL protocol. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=I name=I></A><STRONG><EM>I </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>IDL</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Interface Definition Language. APIs written in the Java programming 
        language that provide standards-based interoperability and connectivity with 
        CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture). <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>identifier</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The name of an item in a program written in the Java programming language. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>IIOP</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Internet Inter-ORB Protocol. A protocol used for communication between 
        CORBA object request brokers. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>if</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to conduct a conditional test and execute a block of 
        statements if the test evaluates to true.</DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>impersonation</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An act whereby one entity assumes the identity and privileges of another 
        entity without restrictions and without any indication visible to the 
        recipients of the impersonator's calls that delegation has taken place. 
        Impersonation is a case of simple delegation. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>implements</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword included in the class declaration to specify any interfaces 
        that are implemented by the current class. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>import</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used at the beginning of a source file that can specify 
        classes or entire packages to be referred to later without including their 
        package names in the reference. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>inheritance</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The concept of classes automatically containing the variables and methods 
        defined in their <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#supertype">supertypes</A> 
        </EM>. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#superclass">superclass</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#subclass">subclass</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>instance</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An object of a particular class. In programs written in the Java 
        programming language, an instance of a class is created using the 
        <CODE>new</CODE> operator followed by the class name. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=imethod name=imethod></A>instance method </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>Any method that is invoked with respect to an instance of a class. Also 
        called simply a <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#method">method</A> 
        </EM>. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#cmethod">class 
                method</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=ivariable name=ivariable></A>instance variable 
        </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>Any item of data that is associated with a particular object. Each 
        instance of a class has its own copy of the instance variables defined in the 
        class. Also called a <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#field">field</A> 
        </EM>. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#cvariable">class 
                variable</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>instanceof</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A two-argument Java keyword that tests whether the runtime type of its 
        first argument is assignment compatible with its second argument. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>int</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to define a variable of type <CODE>integer</CODE>. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>interface</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to define a collection of method definitions and 
        constant values. It can later be implemented by classes that define this 
        interface with the "implements" keyword. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=internet name=internet></A>Internet </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>An enormous network consisting of literally millions of hosts from many 
        organizations and countries around the world. It is physically put together 
        from many smaller networks and data travels by a common set of protocols. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=ip name=ip></A>IP </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>Internet Protocol. The basic protocol of the Internet. It enables the 
        unreliable delivery of individual packets from one host to another. It makes 
        no guarantees about whether or not the packet will be delivered, how long it 
        will take, or if multiple packets will arrive in the order they were sent. 
        Protocols built on top of this add the notions of connection and reliability. 
        See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#tcp">TCP/IP</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=interpreter name=interpreter></A>interpreter </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A module that alternately decodes and executes every statement in some 
        body of code. The Java interpreter decodes and executes bytecode for the Java 
        virtual machine <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#TJVM"><SUP>1</SUP> 
        </A>. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#compiler">compiler</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#runtime">runtime 
                system</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=J name=J></A><STRONG><EM>J </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>JAIN</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See: <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#javaapi">Java 
            APIs for Integrated Networks</A> (JAIN) <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JAR</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>JAR (Java Archive) is a platform-independent file format that aggregates 
        many files into one. Multiple applets written in the Java programming 
        language, and their requisite components (.class files, images, sounds and 
        other resource files) can be bundled in a JAR file and subsequently downloaded 
        to a browser in a single HTTP transaction. It also supports file compression 
        and digital signatures. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Sun's trademark for a set of technologies for creating and safely running 
        software programs in both stand-alone and networked environments. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java 2 Platform</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The second generation of the Java platform. (The first generation was the 
        JDK.) Also see "Java Platform" and "Java Platform Editions". 
        <BR><BR><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE platform)</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#j2ee">Java 2 
            Platform, Enterprise Edition</A>, under Java Platform Editions. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME platform)</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#j2me">Java 2 
            Platform, Micro Edition</A>, under Java Platform Editions. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE platform)</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#j2se">Java 2 
            Platform, Standard Edition</A>, under Java Platform Editions. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The Software Development Kit (SDK) is development environment for building 
        applications, applets, and components using the Java programming language. 
        This SDK provides a reference implementation of the J2SE platform. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=javaapi name=javaapi></A>Java APIs for Integrated Networks 
            (JAIN) </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>enables the rapid development of Next Generation telecom products and 
        services on the Java platform. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java Card API</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An ISO 7816-4 compliant application environment focused on smart cards. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java Compatibility Kit (JCK)</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A test suite, a set of tools, and other requirements used to certify a 
        Java platform implementation conformant both to the applicable Java platform 
        specifications and to Java Software reference implementations. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=jdbc name=jdbc></A>Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) 
        </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>An industry standard for database-independent connectivity between the 
        Java platform and a wide range of databases. The JDBC provides a call-level 
        API for SQL-based database access. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java Development Kit (JDK)</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A software development environment for writing applets and applications in 
        the Java programming language. Technically, the JDK is the correct name for 
        all versions of the Java platform from 1.0 to 1.1.x. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java Foundation Classes (JFC)</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An extension that adds graphical user interface class libraries to the 
        Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT). <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java IDL</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#idl">Java 
            Interface Definition Language</A> <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=idl name=idl></A>Java Interface Definition Language (IDL) 
        </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A set of Java APIs that provide CORBA (Common Object Request Broker 
        Architecture) interoperability and connectivity capabilities for the J2EE 
        platform. These capabilities enable J2EE applications to invoke operations on 
        remote network services using the OMG IDL and IIOP. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java Media APIs</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A set of APIs that support the integration of audio and video clips, 2D 
        fonts, graphics, and images as well as 3D models and telephony. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java Media Framework</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The core framework supports clocks for synchronizing between different 
        media (e.g., audio and video output). The standard extension framework allows 
        users to do full audio and video streaming. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=jndi name=jndi></A>Java Naming and Directory Interface 
            (JNDI) </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A set of APIs that assists with the interfacing to multiple naming and 
        directory services. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=jni name=jni></A>Java Native Interface </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A standard programming interface for writing Java native methods and 
        embedding the JVM into native applications. The primary goal is binary 
        compatibility of native method libraries across all JVM implementations on a 
        given platform. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java Platform</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Consists of class libraries, a Java virtual machine (JVM) and class loader 
        (which comprise the runtime environment) and a compiler, debugger and other 
        tools (which comprise the development kit). <BR><BR>In addition, the runtime 
        platform is subject to a set of compatibility requirements to ensure 
        consistent and compatible implementations. Implementations that meet the 
        compatibility requirements may qualify for Sun's targeted compatibility 
        brands. <BR><BR>Java 2 is the current generation of the Java Platform. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Java Platform Editions</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java platform "edition" is a definitive and agreed-upon version of the 
        Java platform that provides the functionality needed over a broad market 
        segment. <BR><BR>An edition is comprised of two kinds of API sets: (i) "core 
        packages," which are essential to all implementations of a given platform 
        edition, and (ii) "optional packages," which are available for a given 
        platform edition and which may be supported in a compatible implementation. 
        <BR><BR>There are 3 distinct editions of the Java Platform: <BR><BR><A id=j2ee 
                                                                               name=j2ee></A>* Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition: <BR>The edition of the 
        Java platform that is targeted at enterprises to enable development, 
        deployment, and management of multi-tier server-centric applications. 
        <BR><BR><A id=j2me name=j2me></A>* Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition: <BR>The 
        edition of the Java platform that is targeted at small, standalone or 
        connectable consumer and embedded devices to enable development, deployment, 
        and management of applications that can scale from smart cards through mobile 
        devices and set-top boxes to conventional computing devices. <BR><BR><A 
            id=j2se name=j2se></A>* Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition: <BR>The edition of 
        the Java platform that enables development, deployment, and management of 
        cross-platform, general-purpose applications. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=jrmi name=jrmi></A>Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) 
        </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A distributed object model for Java program to Java program, in which the 
        methods of remote objects written in the Java programming language can be 
        invoked from other Java virtual machines <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#TJVM"><SUP>1</SUP> 
        </A>, possibly on different hosts. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=jre name=jre></A>Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 
        </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A subset of the Java Development Kit (JDK) for end-users and developers 
        who want to redistribute the runtime environment alone. The Java runtime 
        environment consists of the Java virtual machine <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#TJVM"><SUP>1</SUP> 
        </A>, the Java core classes, and supporting files. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=jvm name=jvm></A>Java virtual machine <A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#TJVM"><SUP>1</SUP> 
            </A></STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A software "execution engine" that safely and compatibly executes the byte 
        codes in Java class files on a microprocessor (whether in a computer or in 
        another electronic device). <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JavaBeans</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A portable, platform-independent reusable component model. A component 
        that conforms to this model is called a bean. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JavaCheck</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A tool for checking compliance of applications and applets to a 
        specification. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JavaSafe</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A tool for tracking and managing source file changes, written in Java. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JavaScript</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Web scripting language that is used in both browsers and Web servers. 
        Like all scripting languages, it is used primarily to tie other components 
        together or to accept user input. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JavaSpaces</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A technology that provides distributed persistence and data exchange 
        mechanisms for code in Java. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JDBC</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#jdbc">Java 
            Database Connectivity</A>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JDK</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Java Development Kit. A software development environment for writing 
        applets and application in Java . <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JFC</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#jfc">Java 
            Foundation Classes</A>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Jini Technology</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A set of Java APIs that may be incorporated an optional package for any 
        Java 2 Platform Edition. The Jini APIs enable transparent networking of 
        devices and services and eliminates the need for system or network 
        administration intervention by a user. <BR><BR>The Jini technology is 
        currently an optional package available on all Java platform editions. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JNDI</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#jndi">Java 
            Naming and Directory Interface</A>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JNI</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#jni">Java 
            Native Interface</A>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JRE</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#jre">Java 
            Runtime Environment</A> <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Just-in-time (JIT) Compiler</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A compiler that converts all of the bytecode into native machine code just 
        as a Java program is run. This results in run-time speed improvements over 
        code that is interpreted by a Java virtual machine. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>JVM</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#jvm">Java 
            Virtual Machine (JVM)</A>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=K name=K></A><STRONG><EM>K </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>keyword</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Java sets aside words as keywords - these words are reserved by the 
        language itself and therefore are not available as names for variables or 
        methods. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=L name=L></A><STRONG><EM>L </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>lexical</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Pertaining to how the characters in source code are translated into tokens 
        that the compiler can understand. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>linker</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A module that builds an executable, complete program from component 
        machine code modules. The Java linker creates a runnable program from compiled 
        classes. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#compiler">compiler</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#interpreter">interpreter</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#runtime">runtime 
                system</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>literal</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The basic representation of any integer, floating point, or character 
        value. For example, 3.0 is a double-precision floating point literal, and "a" 
        is a character literal. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=lvariable name=lvariable></A>local variable </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A data item known within a block, but inaccessible to code outside the 
        block. For example, any variable defined within a method is a local variable 
        and can't be used outside the method. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>long</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to define a variable of type <CODE>long</CODE>. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=M name=M></A><STRONG><EM>M </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>member</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#field">field</A> 
        </EM>or <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#method">method</A> 
        </EM>of a class. Unless specified otherwise, a member is not static. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=method name=method></A>method </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A function defined in a class. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#imethod">instance 
                method</A> </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#cmethod">class 
                method</A> </EM>. Unless specified otherwise, a method is not static. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>multithreaded</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Describes a program that is designed to have parts of its code execute 
        concurrently. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#thread">thread</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=N name=N></A><STRONG><EM>N </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>native</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword that is used in method declarations to specify that the 
        method is not implemented in the same Java source file, but rather in another 
        language. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>new</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to create an instance of a class. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>null</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The null type has one value, the null reference, represented by the 
        literal null, which is formed from ASCII characters. A null literal is always 
        of the null type. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=O name=O></A><STRONG><EM>O </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>object</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The principal building blocks of object-oriented programs. Each object is 
        a programming unit consisting of data ( <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#ivariable">instance 
                variables</A> </EM>) and functionality ( <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#imethod">instance 
                methods</A> </EM>). See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#class">class</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>object-oriented design</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A software design method that models the characteristics of abstract or 
        real objects using classes and objects. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=octal name=octal></A>octal </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>The numbering system using 8 as its base, using the numerals 0-7 as its 
        digits. In programs written in the Java programming language, octal numbers 
        must be preceded with 0. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#hex">hexadecimal</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>optional packages</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The set or sets of APIs in a Java platform edition which are available 
        with and may be supported in a compatible implementation. <BR><BR>Over time, 
        optional packages may become required in an edition as the marketplace 
        requires them. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>ORB</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Object Request Broker. A library than enables CORBA objects to locate and 
        communicate with one another. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>OS principal</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A principal native to the operating system on which the Java platform is 
        executing. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>OTS</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Object Transaction Service. A definition of the interfaces that permit 
        CORBA objects to participate in transactions. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>overloading</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Using one identifier to refer to multiple items in the same scope. In the 
        Java programming language, you can overload methods but not variables or 
        operators. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>overriding</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Providing a different implementation of a method in a subclass of the 
        class that originally defined the method. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=P name=P></A><STRONG><EM>P </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=package name=package></A>package </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A group of <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#types">types</A> 
        </EM>. Packages are declared with the <CODE>package</CODE> keyword. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=peer name=peer></A>peer </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>In networking, any functional unit in the same layer as another entity. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>persistence</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The protocol for transferring the state of a bean between its instance 
        variables and an underlying database. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>pixel</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The picture element on a display area, such as a monitor screen or printed 
        page. Each pixel is individually accessible. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>POA</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Portable Object Adapter. A CORBA standard for building server-side 
        applications that are portable across heterogeneous ORBs. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>primary key</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An object that uniquely identifies an entity bean within a home. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=primitive name=primitive></A><STRONG>primitive type</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A variable data type in which the variable's value is of the appropriate 
        size and format for its type: a number, a character, or a boolean value. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>principal</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The identity assigned to an entity as a result of authentication. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>private</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used in a method or variable declaration. It signifies that 
        the method or variable can only be accessed by other elements of its class. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>privilege</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A security attribute that does not have the property of uniqueness and 
        which may be shared by many principals. An example of a privilege is a group. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=process name=process></A>process </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A virtual address space containing one or more threads. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>property</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Characteristics of an object that users can set, such as the color of a 
        window. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>profiles</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A profile is a collection of Java APIs that complements one or more Java 2 
        Platform Editions by adding domain-specific capabilities. Profiles may also 
        include other defined profiles. A profile implementation requires a Java 2 
        Platform Edition to create a complete development and deployment environment 
        in a targeted vertical market. Each profile is subject to an associated set of 
        compatibility requirements. <BR><BR>Profiles may be usable on one or more 
        editions. <BR><BR>Some examples of profiles within the Java 2 Platform, Micro 
        Edition are: <BR><BR>* Personal Profile- for non-PC products that need to 
        display Web-compatible Java-based content <BR><BR>* Java Card - for secure 
        smart cards and other severely memory-constrained devices. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>protected</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used in a method or variable declaration. It signifies that 
        the method or variable can only be accessed by elements residing in its class, 
        subclasses, or classes in the same package. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>public</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used in a method or variable declaration. It signifies that 
        the method or variable can be accessed by elements residing in other classes. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=Q name=Q></A><STRONG><EM>Q </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><A id=R name=R></A><STRONG><EM>R </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>raster</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A two-dimensional rectangular grid of pixels. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>realm</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See security policy domain. Also, a string, passed as part of an HTTP 
        request during basic authentication, that defines a protection space. The 
        protected resources on a server can be partitioned into a set of protection 
        spaces, each with its own authentication scheme and/or authorization database. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=reference name=reference></A><STRONG>reference</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A variable data type in which the variable's value is an address. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>return</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to finish the execution of a method. It can be 
        followed by a value required by the method definition. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>RMI</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>See <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#jrmi">Java 
                Remote Method Invocation</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>rollback</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The point in a transaction when all updates to any databases involved in 
        the transaction are reversed. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>root</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>In a hierarchy of items, the one item from which all other items are 
        descended. The root item has nothing above it in the hierarchy. See also 
        <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#hier">hierarchy</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#class">class</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#package">package</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>RPC</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Remote Procedure Call. Executing what looks like a normal procedure call 
        (or method invocation) by sending network packets to some remote host. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=runtime name=runtime></A>runtime system </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>The software environment in which programs compiled for the Java virtual 
        machine <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#TJVM"><SUP>1</SUP> 
        </A>can run. The runtime system includes all the code necessary to load 
        programs written in the Java programming language, dynamically link native 
        methods, manage memory, handle exceptions, and an implementation of the Java 
        virtual machine, which may be a Java interpreter. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=S name=S></A><STRONG><EM>S </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>SAX</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Simple API for XML. An event-driven, serial-access mechanism for accessing 
        XML documents. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>sandbox</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Comprises a number of cooperating system components, ranging from security 
        managers that execute as part of the application, to security measures 
        designed into the Java virtual machine <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#TJVM"><SUP>1</SUP> 
        </A>and the language itself. The sandbox ensures that an untrusted, and 
        possibly malicious, application cannot gain access to system resources. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>scope</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A characteristic of an identifier that determines where the identifier can 
        be used. Most identifiers in the Java programming environment have either 
        class or local scope. Instance and class variables and methods have class 
        scope; they can be used outside the class and its subclasses only by prefixing 
        them with an instance of the class or (for class variables and methods) with 
        the class name. All other variables are declared within methods and have local 
        scope; they can be used only within the enclosing block. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Secure Socket Layer (SSL)</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A protocol that allows communication between a Web browser and a server to 
        be encrypted for privacy. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>security attributes</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A set of properties associated with a principal. Security attributes can 
        be associated with a principal by an authentication protocol. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>security context</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An object that encapsulates the shared state information regarding 
        security between two entities. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>security policy domain</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A scope over which security policies are defined and enforced by a 
        security administrator. A security policy domain has the following 
        characteristics: <BR><BR>It has a collection of users (or principals). <BR>It 
        uses a well defined authentication protocol(s) for authenticating users (or 
        principals). <BR>It may have groups to simplify setting of security policies. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>security technology domain</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A scope over which the same security mechanism is used to enforce a 
        security policy. Multiple security policy domains can exist within a single 
        technology domain. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>serialization</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The encoding of objects, and the objects reachable from them, into a 
        stream of bytes and the complementary reconstruction of the object graph from 
        the stream. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>short</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to define a variable of type <CODE>short</CODE>. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=single name=single></A>single precision </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>In the Java language specification, describes a floating point number with 
        32 bits of data. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#double">double 
                precision</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>SGML</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Standardized Generalized Markup Language. An ISO/ANSI/ECMA standard that 
        specifies a way to annotate text documents with information about types of 
        sections of a document. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=soap name=soap></A>SOAP </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) uses a combination of XML-based 
        data structuring and the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to define a 
        standardized method for invoking methods in objects distributed in diverse 
        operating environments across the Internet. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>SQL</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Structured Query Language. The standardized relational database language 
        for defining database objects and manipulating data. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>static</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to define a variable as a class variable. Classes 
        maintain one copy of class variables regardless of how many instances exist of 
        that class. <CODE>static</CODE> can also be used to define a method as a class 
        method. Class methods are invoked by the class instead of a specific instance, 
        and can only operate on class variables. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=sfield name=sfield></A>static field </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>Another name for <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#cvariable">class 
                variable</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=smethod name=smethod></A>static method </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>Another name for <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#cmethod">class 
                method</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>stream</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A stream is simply a byte-stream of data that is sent from a sender to a 
        receiver. There are two basic categories, so the <CODE>java.io</CODE> package 
        includes two abstract classes ( <CODE>InputStream</CODE> and 
        <CODE>OutputStream</CODE>). <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>subarray</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An array that is inside another array. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=subclass name=subclass></A>subclass </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A class that is derived from a particular class, perhaps with one or more 
        classes in between. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#superclass">superclass</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#supertype">supertype</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=subtype name=subtype></A>subtype </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>If type X <EM>extends</EM> or implements type Y, then X is a subtype of Y. 
        See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#supertype">supertype</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=superclass name=superclass></A>superclass </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A class from which a particular class is derived, perhaps with one or more 
        classes in between. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#subclass">subclass</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#subtype">subtype</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>super</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to access members of a class inherited by the class in 
        which it appears. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=supertype name=supertype></A>supertype </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>The supertypes of a type are all the interfaces and classes that are 
        extended or implemented by that type. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#subtype">subtype</A> 
        </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#superclass">superclass</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>switch</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to evaluate a variable that can later be matched with 
        a value specified by the <CODE>case</CODE> keyword in order to execute a group 
        of statements. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=swing name=swing></A>Swing </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A collection of graphical user interface (GUI) components that runs 
        uniformly on any native platform which supports the Java virtual machine 
        <STRONG>*</STRONG>. Because they are written entirely in the Java programming 
        language, these components may provide functionality above and beyond that 
        provided by native-platform equivalents. (Contrast with <A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#awt">AWT</A>.) 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>synchronized</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A keyword in the Java programming language that, when applied to a method 
        or code block, guarantees that at most one thread at a time executes that 
        code. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=T name=T></A><STRONG><EM>T </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=tcp name=tcp></A>TCP/IP </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>Transmission Control Protocol based on IP. This is an Internet protocol 
        that provides for the reliable delivery of streams of data from one host to 
        another. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#ip">IP</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>Technology Compatibility Kit (TCK)</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A test suite, a set of tools, and other requirements used to certify an 
        implementation of a particular Sun technology conformant both to the 
        applicable specifications and to Sun or Sun-designated reference 
        implementations. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>thin client</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A system that runs a very light operating system with no local system 
        administration and executes applications delivered over the network. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>this</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword that can be used to represent an instance of the class in 
        which it appears. <CODE>this</CODE> can be used to access class variables and 
        methods. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=thread name=thread></A>thread </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>The basic unit of program execution. A process can have several threads 
        running concurrently, each performing a different job, such as waiting for 
        events or performing a time-consuming job that the program doesn't need to 
        complete before going on. When a thread has finished its job, the thread is 
        suspended or destroyed. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#process">process</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>throw</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword that allows the user to throw an exception or any class 
        that implements the "throwable" interface.</DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>throws</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used in method declarations that specify which exceptions 
        are not handled within the method but rather passed to the next higher level 
        of the program. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>transaction</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An atomic unit of work that modifies data. A transaction encloses one or 
        more program statements, all of which either complete or roll back. 
        Transactions enable multiple users to access the same data concurrently. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>transaction isolation level</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>The degree to which the intermediate state of the data being modified by a 
        transaction is visible to other concurrent transactions and data being 
        modified by other transactions is visible to it. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>transaction manager</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Provides the services and management functions required to support 
        transaction demarcation, transactional resource management, synchronization, 
        and transaction context propagation. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>transient</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A keyword in the Java programming language that indicates that a field is 
        not part of the serialized form of an object. When an object is serialized, 
        the values of its transient fields are not included in the serial 
        representation, while the values of its non-transient fields are included. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>try</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword that defines a block of statements that may throw a Java 
        language exception. If an exception is thrown, an optional <CODE>catch</CODE> 
        block can handle specific exceptions thrown within the <CODE>try</CODE> block. 
        Also, an optional <CODE>finally</CODE> block will be executed regardless of 
        whether an exception is thrown or not. </DD>
    <DD><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=type name=type></A>type <A id=types 
                                                 name=types></A></STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A class or interface. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=U name=U></A><STRONG><EM>U </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG><A id=unicode name=unicode></A>Unicode </STRONG></DT>
    <DD>A 16-bit character set defined by ISO 10646. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#ascii">ASCII</A> 
        </EM>. All source code in the Java programming environment is written in 
        Unicode. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>URI</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Uniform Resource Identifier. A compact string of characters for 
        identifying an abstract or physical resource. A URI is either a URL or a URN. 
        URLs and URNs are concrete entities that actually exist; A URI is an abstract 
        superclass. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>URL</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Uniform Resource Locator. A standard for writing a text reference to an 
        arbitrary piece of data in the WWW. A URL looks like 
        "protocol://host/localinfo" where protocol specifies a protocol to use to 
        fetch the object (like HTTP or FTP), host specifies the Internet name of the 
        host on which to find it, and localinfo is a string (often a file name) passed 
        to the protocol handler on the remote host. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>URN</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Uniform Resource Name. A unique identifier that identifies an entity, but 
        doesn't tell where it is located. A system can use a URN to look up an entity 
        locally before trying to find it on the Web. It also allows the Web location 
        to change, while still allowing the entity to be found. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=V name=V></A><STRONG><EM>V </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>variable</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An item of data named by an identifier. Each variable has a type, such as 
        <CODE>int</CODE> or <CODE>Object</CODE>, and a scope. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#cvariable">class 
                variable</A> </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#ivariable">instance 
                variable</A> </EM>, <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#lvariable">local 
                variable</A> </EM>. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>virtual machine</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An abstract specification for a computing device that can be implemented 
        in different ways, in software or hardware. You compile to the instruction set 
        of a virtual machine much like you'd compile to the instruction set of a 
        microprocessor. The Java virtual machine consists of a bytecode instruction 
        set, a set of registers, a stack, a garbage-collected heap, and an area for 
        storing methods. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>void</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used in method declarations to specify that the method does 
        not return any value. <CODE>void</CODE> can also be used as a nonfunctional 
        statement. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>volatile</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used in variable declarations that specifies that the 
        variable is modified asynchronously by concurrently running threads. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><A id=W name=W></A><STRONG><EM>W </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DT>
    <DT><STRONG>Web server</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Software that provides services to access the Internet, an intranet, or an 
        extranet. A Web server hosts Web sites, provides support for HTTP and other 
        protocols, and executes server-side programs (such as CGI scripts or servlets) 
        that perform certain functions. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>while</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>A Java keyword used to declare a loop that iterates a block of statements. 
        The loop's exit condition is specified as part of the while statement. 
        <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>world readable files</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Files on a file system that can be viewed (read) by any user. For example: 
        files residing on Web servers can only be viewed by Internet users if their 
        permissions have been set to world readable. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>wrapper</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>An object that encapsulates and delegates to another object to alter its 
        interface or behavior in some way. <BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>WWW</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>World Wide Web. The web of systems and the data in them that is the 
        Internet. See also <EM><A 
                href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#internet">Internet</A> 
        </EM>. <BR><BR><A id=X name=X></A><STRONG><EM>X </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DD>
    <DT><STRONG>XML</STRONG> </DT>
    <DD>Extensible Markup Language. A markup language that allows you to define 
        the tags (markup) needed to identify the data and text in XML documents. 
        <BR><BR><A id=Y name=Y></A><STRONG><EM>Y </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> </A><BR><BR><A 
            id=Z name=Z></A><STRONG><EM>Z </EM></STRONG><A 
            href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html#top"><IMG 
                border=0 hspace=30 alt=" " src="JavaGlossary_files/144956.gif"> 
        </A><BR><BR></DD></DL>
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